AICAR
Also known as: Acadesine, 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside, ZMP
An AMP-kinase activator that mimics exercise effects on metabolism and endurance.
Overview
AICAR (5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside) is a cell-permeable nucleoside that activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), the master metabolic regulator. It has gained attention as an 'exercise mimetic' that can improve endurance and metabolic health without physical activity.
Mechanism of Action
Converted intracellularly to ZMP, which directly activates AMPK. AMPK activation increases glucose uptake, fatty acid oxidation, mitochondrial biogenesis, and inhibits anabolic processes. Mimics the metabolic effects of exercise.
Pharmacokinetics
Half-life ~2 hours. Converted to ZMP intracellularly. Renal and hepatic metabolism. Oral bioavailability is limited.
Dosing Protocols
Note: These are research protocols from literature. This is not medical advice.
Research Protocol
150-500 mg
Daily
4-8 weeks
Experimental - not for human use outside research
Stacking Recommendations
Peptides that may be combined based on complementary mechanisms in research settings.
Research Areas
Key Research Findings
- 144% increase in running endurance in sedentary mice
- 2Enhanced fatty acid oxidation and glucose uptake
- 3Increased mitochondrial biogenesis
- 4Cardioprotective effects during ischemia-reperfusion
Side Effects & Contraindications
Reported Side Effects
- Hypoglycemia
- Lactic acidosis (rare)
- Flushing
Contraindications
- Hypoglycemia risk
- Competitive athletes (banned)
- Pregnancy
Safety Considerations
Banned by WADA in sports. May cause hypoglycemia. Long-term human safety data limited. Research compound.
Storage Requirements
Store at -20°C for long-term
Scientific References
- 1