AICAR

Also known as: Acadesine, 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside, ZMP

An AMP-kinase activator that mimics exercise effects on metabolism and endurance.

Overview

AICAR (5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside) is a cell-permeable nucleoside that activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), the master metabolic regulator. It has gained attention as an 'exercise mimetic' that can improve endurance and metabolic health without physical activity.

Mechanism of Action

Converted intracellularly to ZMP, which directly activates AMPK. AMPK activation increases glucose uptake, fatty acid oxidation, mitochondrial biogenesis, and inhibits anabolic processes. Mimics the metabolic effects of exercise.

Pharmacokinetics

Half-life ~2 hours. Converted to ZMP intracellularly. Renal and hepatic metabolism. Oral bioavailability is limited.

Dosing Protocols

Note: These are research protocols from literature. This is not medical advice.

1

Research Protocol

Dose

150-500 mg

Frequency

Daily

Duration

4-8 weeks

Experimental - not for human use outside research

Stacking Recommendations

Peptides that may be combined based on complementary mechanisms in research settings.

Rationale: Dual AMPK activation

Synergy: Enhanced metabolic and exercise mimetic effects

Rationale: Metabolic enhancement

Synergy: Multiple pathways for fat loss

Research Areas

Endurance EnhancementObesityType 2 DiabetesMetabolic SyndromeMitochondrial FunctionCardiovascular Protection

Key Research Findings

  • 144% increase in running endurance in sedentary mice
  • 2Enhanced fatty acid oxidation and glucose uptake
  • 3Increased mitochondrial biogenesis
  • 4Cardioprotective effects during ischemia-reperfusion

Side Effects & Contraindications

Reported Side Effects

  • Hypoglycemia
  • Lactic acidosis (rare)
  • Flushing

Contraindications

  • Hypoglycemia risk
  • Competitive athletes (banned)
  • Pregnancy

Safety Considerations

Banned by WADA in sports. May cause hypoglycemia. Long-term human safety data limited. Research compound.

Storage Requirements

Store at -20°C for long-term

Scientific References

Quick Reference

Sequence
N/A - Nucleoside analog
Molecular Weight
258.23 g/mol
Half-Life
~2 hours
Bioavailability
Limited oral, better injectable
Research Stage
clinical phase 2
Administration
Subcutaneous or IV infusion