Melatonin
Also known as: N-Acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, Sleep Hormone
The primary sleep-regulating hormone with antioxidant and anti-aging properties.
Overview
Melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland that regulates circadian rhythm and sleep. Beyond sleep, it has potent antioxidant properties, supports immune function, and may have anti-aging effects. Production declines with age.
Mechanism of Action
Binds to MT1 and MT2 receptors in the suprachiasmatic nucleus to regulate circadian rhythm. Potent direct antioxidant that scavenges free radicals. Supports mitochondrial function and immune modulation.
Pharmacokinetics
Oral bioavailability 15%. Half-life 20-50 minutes. Rapidly metabolized in liver. Extended-release forms available.
Dosing Protocols
Note: These are research protocols from literature. This is not medical advice.
Sleep Support
0.5-5 mg
30-60 min before bed
As needed
Start low, increase if needed
Jet Lag
0.5-5 mg
At destination bedtime
3-5 days
Start day of travel
Antioxidant/Anti-Aging
3-20 mg
Before bed
Ongoing
Higher doses for antioxidant effect
Stacking Recommendations
Peptides that may be combined based on complementary mechanisms in research settings.
Research Areas
Key Research Findings
- 1Effective for sleep onset and jet lag
- 2Potent antioxidant - more effective than vitamin C
- 3Supports immune function
- 4May have anti-cancer properties
Side Effects & Contraindications
Reported Side Effects
- Morning grogginess
- Vivid dreams
- Headache
- Short-term depression (rare)
Contraindications
- Autoimmune disorders (use caution)
- Pregnancy
- Depression (high doses)
Safety Considerations
Generally safe short-term. Long-term high doses not well studied. May interact with blood thinners, diabetes medications. Avoid in autoimmune conditions.
Storage Requirements
Room temperature, protect from light
Scientific References
- 1