Glucagon
Also known as: GCG, Hyperglycemic Factor
A pancreatic hormone that raises blood glucose and is used for severe hypoglycemia and GI imaging.
Overview
Glucagon is a 29-amino acid peptide hormone produced by alpha cells of the pancreas. It counteracts insulin by raising blood glucose. Medically, it is used for severe hypoglycemia and as a GI relaxant for diagnostic imaging procedures.
Mechanism of Action
Binds to glucagon receptors in liver, stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis to raise blood glucose. In GI tract, causes smooth muscle relaxation useful for endoscopy and imaging.
Pharmacokinetics
Rapid onset (5-20 minutes). Half-life 8-18 minutes. Metabolized by liver and kidneys.
Dosing Protocols
Note: These are research protocols from literature. This is not medical advice.
Severe Hypoglycemia
1 mg
Single dose
Emergency
May repeat in 15 min if needed
GI Relaxation
0.25-2 mg
Single dose
Procedure
For imaging/endoscopy
Research Areas
Key Research Findings
- 1First-line treatment for severe hypoglycemia
- 2Effective GI smooth muscle relaxant
- 3Intranasal formulation available
- 4Essential emergency medication for diabetics
Side Effects & Contraindications
Reported Side Effects
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Hyperglycemia
- Injection site reactions
Contraindications
- Pheochromocytoma
- Insulinoma
- Glucagonoma
Safety Considerations
FDA approved. Can cause nausea, vomiting. Ineffective if glycogen stores depleted. Transient hyperglycemia expected.
Storage Requirements
Room temperature (kit), Refrigerate (solution)
Scientific References
- 1