EPO
Also known as: Erythropoietin, Epoetin Alfa, Procrit
A glycoprotein hormone that stimulates red blood cell production.
Overview
Erythropoietin is a kidney-produced hormone that stimulates red blood cell production. While primarily used for anemia, it also has tissue-protective effects and affects sexual function through improved oxygenation.
Mechanism of Action
Binds EPO receptors on erythroid progenitor cells, promoting survival and differentiation into red blood cells. Also has tissue-protective effects in non-hematopoietic tissues.
Pharmacokinetics
Half-life 4-13 hours (IV); 24 hours (SC). Effect on hemoglobin seen over weeks.
Dosing Protocols
Note: These are research protocols from literature. This is not medical advice.
Anemia
50-300 IU/kg
3x weekly
Until target Hgb
Monitor hemoglobin; target 10-12 g/dL
Research Areas
Key Research Findings
- 1FDA-approved for anemia of chronic kidney disease
- 2Increases oxygen-carrying capacity
- 3Tissue-protective effects independent of erythropoiesis
- 4May improve sexual function through better oxygenation
Side Effects & Contraindications
Reported Side Effects
- Hypertension
- Thrombosis
- Headache
- Flu-like symptoms
Contraindications
- Uncontrolled hypertension
- Pure red cell aplasia from prior EPO
Safety Considerations
Risk of thrombosis with elevated hemoglobin. May accelerate tumor growth. Black box warnings for increased mortality in certain cancer patients.
Storage Requirements
Refrigerate at 2-8C. Do not shake.
Scientific References
- 1